Tutorial 24 Road
Design
You have been given the piece of land shown in
Ezicad_Premium job 'roadtut1', and you are required to design a road through
the property from the South East Corner to the North West corner.
You have formed a model and calculated contours
and the job appears as below.
How you go about determining where to place the
road is up to you, and is not important within this tutorial
Be aware that you can use the Contour,
Interpolate functions to extract preliminary 'what if' profiles quickly and
easily through the various routes you might wish to trial, and these facilities
are explained in Tutorial 18 of this series.
What it basically comes down to is you need to
apply your experience, and any local constraints that may apply to arrive at a
horizontal alignment for the road.
You may if you wish use external packages such
as Autocad to 'draw' the proposed alignment, but we would recommend that you
consider using some of the tools contained within the Cogo section of Ezicad,
and we will use some of these to demonstrate their capability.
We warn you at this point that the alignment we
use, and the designs we choose are not important, and certainly not recommended
as sound practice. They are merely a vehicle for quickly showing you
a. the tools Ezicad provides
b. the general process which comprises the
following broad steps.
To design a new road across a 'Greenfield site’
you need to use the following 10 Step Process, and then proceed to the very
important 11th step where you get paid.
1. Define Horizontal Alignment
2. Extract Profiles &
Sections along alignment
4. Define Cross Section template,
or templates
6. Apply Superelevation where
necessary
8. repeat loop of steps 3 through 7 until you
are satisfied with balance of cut/fill
9. Store Design Points in
database – Form Design & Combined Surfaces
10. Plot Plans
11. Send Plans and Account to Client.
12. Added Free Bonus – 3D
Views and ‘Drive Down the Road”
1. Define Horizontal Alignment.
Use your own resources, experience and local
knowledge to determine where the Alignment should be.
In this case you have carte blanch, with
absolutely no constraints so anything is possible.
Here I have used Conotur, Interpolate, Multi
Profile a few times to 'look see' what a profile will be like on certain 'trial
legs' of an alignment I have been thinking of.
At the end of that, I will use Point, Add to
'click in' the Intersection Points (IP's) which define the straights of my
proposed alignment.
Note: I start numbering the new Points from 2100
which is the next even hundred above the natural ground points, and I have put
all the New points on a separate Layer called 'Frame'.
I then used Layers to turn off layer zero, and I
can see the following screen.
Now that the broad 'framework' is established, I
need to add in some curves at each of the intersection points.
I can use any of the Options found under Cogo,
Curves, but the most efficient is this case is the one called Route Curve.
This allows me to define a 'table' of IP's then
specify a curve radius and spiral/transition length required at each IP, and it
will then calculate all the relevant points and store away the alignment
string.
Make sure 'Store CL String ' is selected or
ticked, then type in a folder and string Id for the centreline/alignment you
are creating - here, allowing my creative imagination to run wild, I have used
'road' as the folder and 'cl' as the string id .
Leave the Road Number at 1, (unless you have
already done a road 1 in the job)
The Start Chainage - can be left at zero here,
but in real life you might be joining on to an existing road so you may have a
real chainage to start with
The Spiral Type gives you a choice of Clothoid
or Malaysian JKR ( the end result is for all practical purposes identical
except in extreme circumstances)
The 'Int' in Straight, Curve and Spiral stands
for Interval, and wants to calculate points at the intervals you specify along
the alignment. You can choose whatever values you wish, but generally 50 metres
on a straight, 10 metres on a spiral and 20 metes through the curve proper will
provide reasonable data to allow you to produce an alignment plan annotated
with chainages and the like.
If you do not wish to calculate points other
than the main Tangent Points and Spiral Points, enter a 'large' interval which
is longer than your total proposed alignment such as 9999.
Next you 'click in' the first field in the
table, and enter in the point number of the first point in your proposed
alignment - here it is number 2100.
Press the Tab key and the cursor will move to
the next line.
Enter in your next IP (here 2101) and press Tab.
The Ip Distance column will be filled in to show
you the distance between the two IP's you have specified.
Through some quirk of programming this total
distance will also appear in the column titled Trans In, where it is more of a hindrance
than a help (and will be replaced with a zero in future releases). If you wish
to apply a Spiral/transition curve, enter the length of spiral you require
here, and press the Tab key.
Then enter the Radius of the curve you want, Tab
to the Trans out box and enter the length of transition exiting the curve (or
use zero if you don’t wish to use transitions).
You then fill in the rest of the table as seen
below.
NOTE AGAIN - the values shown are neither recommended nor necessarily practically sane - merely an example to show you through the process, so feel free to use your own values.
When you select Apply, the points will be
calculated and the string stored and you will see a screen similar to that
below.
This is showing us the Point numbers of all
points on layer Frame, but if you select the Layers command and set layer Frame
to Display Codes , and turn off the contours you will see the following screen.
The terminology used is a 'standard' as anything
else in the engineering world, which means that we thought it up when we needed
it
TS - Tangent to Spiral
SC - Spiral to Curve
CS - Curve to Spiral
ST - Spiral to Tangent.
You should also be aware that a table of curve
information has been created for each curve you specify and stored in plain
text in files named
"crv'x'.'job'", where 'x' is the curve number and 'job' is the
current job Id.
The following is the information on Curve1.
SPIRAL
N 6905010.266
CIRCULAR
IP 2101
SPIRAL
E 524435.989
DELTA
33°54'57" xs 89.886
Rc 400.000 ys 3.372
Ls 90.000 LT
Dc 14°19'26" ST
THETAs
6°26'45" Lc
PHIcDELTAc
0.3669 k 44.981
Ts 167.210 SE
Es
LC 160000.000
2. Extract Profiles & Sections
Now that you have an alignment string, you are
read to Interpolate a Profile along it, and sections across it.
First use Strings, Select to select the
centreline string.
Then use Contour, Interpolate, Profiles &
Sections.
The following screen will appear.
The program defaults to interpolating sections
every 20 metres on straights, and every 10 metres around curves, and you can
accept that, or change the values depending on your particular job.
It also defaults to taking the cross sections
out a distance of 40 metres either side of the alignment. If you wish you can
change those values as well.
Here we will just accept the default values.
Press the Refresh Table button.
Ezicad will then fill in the table with a list
of all the cross sections it needs to interpolate along the route.
If you want, you can scroll down through them,
and if you see any that you don't want saved for any reason you can highlight
the particular line and delete it from the table.
When you are ready to proceed, Select the Save
button.
A 'wait cursor' will appear and the programs
will commence to interpolate as requested.
It does the Profile along the alignment first,
and during this time you will only see a wait cursor.
It will then report at the bottom left of screen
that the long section is done, and it will start counting through the sections
as it process them.
Depending on the number of sections, and the
size underlying model, this process can take a few minutes, so be patient, and
don't start hitting keys and selecting things - at best it will slow the
process down, and at worst it will stop it completely.
When the process is finished, the following
screen will appear showing you 'thumbnails' of the profile and section. If you
wish to look at the sections you can use the Next button to view them.
Note that the interpolated points will be stored
on a layer which the program derives from the name of the alignment string. In
this case you will see the name it is using is $road$cl. You can of course
enter a name for yourself.
If everything appears to be OK, press the
OK+Save button and the points will be saved and the screen will now appear as
below, showing the newly interpolated sections.
If you are using road number 1, the program will
automatically default to displaying it, and you should select
Road, Display & Plotting, Display Profile ,
or the Profile Display Icon 
- a
profile will fill the screen.
Now select Road, Display & Plotting, Display
Section, or the Section Display Icon 
- a section will fill the screen
Next Select Window, Tile Roadworks, and the
screen should appear as below.
You should notice that as you move the cursor in
the Plan view window, it is 'tracked' by the vertical line in the profile
window.
You can 'click' at a section in plan view and
that section will be displayed in the section window.
We are now ready to 'grade the road' so maximize
the profile window.
Note: if you wish to set the design line to be a
different color to the reference profile use Road, Design Criteria, Profile
Parameters and click on the 'Plot' button at the right of the design line to
choose another color.
The menu options you need to work with profiles
& sections are attached to the right mouse button, and when you press the
right mouse button with the profile window active you will see the following
'menu window' pop up.
Select Add.
The grading process consists of adding in
Vertical Intersection Points (VIP's) along the length of the route, and then
placing vertical curves at the VIP's where they are required.
Position your cursor over the natural surface
profile at the start and 'pick a point' by pressing the left mouse button
You will see a 'box' placed to indicate a VIP.
Now continue placing VIP's along the length of
the road.
Note, you can 'eyeball' them and just 'Add' them
in as you go, or you can use the various other options such as "Add by
Grade" to position them precisely.
How you achieve the first 'framework' is up to
you - read up in the On-Line manual about each of the tools and apply them in a
manner that suits your personality, experience and project.
Once you have finished 'adding in' VIP's you can
then fine-tune by applying Vertical curves.
To do this use the right mouse button, select
Vertical curve, and point your cursor in the box showing the VIP where you
require the curve.
A table similar to the following will appear.
This gives a guide to the length of VC you need
at the chosen VIP for various design considerations. Note that it is a guide
only, and you can choose any length which you decide on.
You now continue to add VIP's and/or VC's, or
move VIP's etc until you have a design which meets with your approval.
When you have finished designing your vertical
grading, tile your profile window.
4. Define Cross
Section template, or templates
Next step is to decide what the design cross
section, or sections should look like.
Since this is a theoretical exercise only and
the numbers are irrelevant, I will work with a road which has 2 lanes each side
of the centreline, each lane being 3 metres wide at a cross fall of -3%, then a
shoulder of 1.5 metres at a cross fall of -4%,
a gutter which is 0.5 metres wide falling at 1:4, or -25% and a kerb
which is vertical for 0.2 There will be a 'path' of 1.5 metres wide sloping up
at 4% behind the kerb and gutter and the section will then batter to the
natural
Note that in Ezicad the 'template' you design
consists of the 'right hand side' of
the proposed cross section only, and you then mirror that about the centreline
if required.
OK let's get started.
Maximize your Cross Section window and 'right
click' to access the menu of options applicable to sections.
The screen should appear as below.
Select Standard Templates, and the following
window will appear.
You will be designing a new template in the
current Job, and a template number of 1 will be just fine, so move the cursor down
to the first line in the table, and use the pull down arrow to see the types of
entries you can have.
You need to tell the template where to start in
relation to the design profile , and in this case it will hang onto the design
line so use a Start , and enter values of 0 for both X and Y. Then press the
Enter key to move across each of the other fields and come down to the second
line.
Note: if you only wanted to draw your template
to the top of the sub base material which was 0.3 below the final pavement, you
could active this by starting your template at 0,-0.3 - i.e. 0.3 below the
design grading.
Next you define the 'lanes' and you should use a
'Hdist & Grade'. The horizontal distance is 6 metres (2 lanes at 3 metres
each) and the grade is -3. Then press enter to complete the line and go to the
next line.
Select another 'Hdist & grade' for the
shoulder, and use a distance of 1.5 and a grade of -4 and enter until you get
to the next line.
The gutter can be another 'Hdist and Grade’ with
0.5 distance and -25% grade.
For the Kerb/Curb, choose "Goto Coords
(Rel)". this cryptic shorthand indicates that you will instruct the
template to move from the point it is at a distance in the 'X' direction and a
distance in the 'Y' direction. i.e. the X and Y coordinates you enter will
apply relative to the last point. So, select the type and give an X of 0.01 and
a Y of 0.2
Note: we have set a layback of 10 millimetres on
this kerb. If you wish to construct a ‘vertical’ kerb you should be aware that
if you wish to contour the design surface later in the process, the contouring
will not cope with a ‘vertical’ surface, so we suggest you use a ‘layback’ or
‘X’ distance of at least 5 millimetres.
Now for the 'path' use the Hdist of 1.5 and
grade of 4% and finish off the line.
At this stage in the template, what you do next
depends on whether the construction is in cut (i.e. below the natural surface)
or in fill (i.e. above the natural surface).
Ezicad contains 'conditional' template
statements that will react according to the conditions found.
So, let's test to see if the thing is in cut at
this point.
From your pull down list select the Cut
Condition. Enter a 0 in the >= column and 99 in the <= column to indicate
that you want this to apply for 'any cut’ or more precisely any amount of cut
between zero and ninety nine metres in depth.
Then enter a 1 in the 'GoTo #' column.
This tells the template to measure the vertical
depth of cut/fill at this point, and if it finds an amount of cut between zero
and 99 metres to proceed down through the template to find a block marked
Condition #1, and then act on the instructions found there.
If it finds any other value of cut, or any fill,
it will simply look at the next line in the template.
Note: you can use this 'conditional branching'
or "ezi-sense" to set up different reactions for different depths of
cut/fill. So for example for cut between 0 and 2 metres go to #1, for
cut between 2 an 10 metres go to #2 and for cut greater than 10 metres go to #3.
Ok, we have established that if the template is
not in cut (between 0 & 99), it will go on to do the next line in the
template.
If it is not in 'cut' then it is most likely in
fill, so then we can simply apply a fill batter as the next line. (The logic is
not completely foolproof, but it will do for a start)
For Line 8 in the template choose 'Fill Batter
at Grade" - enter a distance of 35. This indicates that you want the
batter slope to continue until it hits the natural surface, or for a distance
of 35 metres horizontally if it doesn't intersect with the natural.
Here we will use a batter slope of 1:1, 1 to 1
or 100% which are all the same thing expressed differently depending on which
school you attended on which day. We don't care how you say it, but you can
enter it as 1:1 or 100 and Ezicad will handle it.
This has reached a logical conclusion if the
template is in fill.
Now time to create that Condition #1.
On Line 9 pull down and select Start Condition #
and enter a number of 1.
If we are in cut, it is common to build a 'catch
drain' at the foot of the batter, but since this is a 'broad brush' I will let
you devise your own drains and just enter the batter slope.
On Line 10 select a Cut batter at Grade with a distance
of 35 and a grade of 1:1.5 or one and a half to one.
The screen should now appear as seen below.
Select the Save button to save away your
handiwork.
Note: the template is normally saved with the
job, but if you wish to use this template as a ‘standard’ template, you can
copy it to the clipboard, switch to Archive templates, and paste it there.
You can then retrieve it from the archive and
past it into new jobs where it is required.
Now we need to tell Ezicad where to use the
template we have just created.
Right click to call up the Options menu again
and the following screen will appear.
You will see all the cross sections are listed,
and you have two columns headed '1L' and '1R'.
This indicates you have design line 1 turned On,
and Ezicad is asking you to tell it which template you want to use to the Left
of the line and to the Right of the line.
The initial values of –1 indicate that no
template is to be applied.
Here we will use Template 1 on both sides, and
the easiest way to achieve this is with the Set Column button.
Choose it, then tick both left and right columns
and assign a template of 1 to each and save.
Now click OK top end the Template positioning.
If you now use the horizontal scroll arrows, or
the Next button to scroll through the sections you will see that the design
template is applied, and the sections drawn and 'colored in'.
If the design is in fill it means it is above
the natural surface which is normally towards the sky which is usually blue so
areas of fill are colored blue.
Using a similar twisted piece of reasoning, if
the area is in cut it is below the natural surface which is normally dirt which
is a yellow/brown color hence the large bits of yellow.
Below you will see Chainage 50.
At this stage I strongly recommend that you
scroll all the way through the job and 'eyeball' each section quickly before
you go any further.
If you see a section where the design falls
outside the natural surface section it is a reasonable indication that you have
too much cut or fill on the centreline, and you should probably adjust your
design grading before you go much further.
If you wish here you can flip between the
profile window and the section window, moving the VIP's or changing VC's until you
are happier with the outcome on the section side of things.
Or, in real life you may change the batter
slopes of your template or any one of a combination of things.
Whatever you choose to do, I strongly recommend
that you get the thing vaguely right at this point before you worry too much
about applying superelevation.
Note: if you are designing in real life, it is
not uncommon the have bridges in the road. Obviously if a bridge is going to be
placed, you do not want your templates to extend through that region. You can
block out the templates by going back to template positioning and suing a value
of -1 at the sections where the bridge will be.
6. Apply Superelevation where necessary.
Once the design is roughly correct you can look
at fine-tuning by applying superelevation.
The first thing to understand and remember is
that in Ezicad the horizontal alignment and the spirals/transition are NOT
linked in any way to the application of superelevation.
We have deliberately left the two as distinct
entities because it gives you greater flexibility as a designer, both in
dealing with difficult terrain where ‘standard’ values are difficult to attain,
and in dealing with the varying ‘standards’ which particular authorities
require. For example there is a growing tendency in certain areas for the local
DOT/Road Authority to require the application of ‘super’ to commence prior to
the spiral, while in other areas the traditional approach of starting the
‘ramp’ of super within the spiral is maintained.
To apply 'super' in Ezicad, you use either a
'tabular method’ that we have adapted from manual practices we found used by a
number of design authorities, or you can use a system of variable templates.
Either way achieves the identical end result.
The tabular method has been covered in Tutorial
22 of the Ezicad standard edition tutorials and it functions exactly the same
under Ezicad Premium.
Here we will look at the use of variable
templates as a means of applying super.
Before we start, you need to be aware that
‘variable templates’ can be used to vary the width and or the grade of any leg
in a template at specific chainages/stations along your alignment.
As such it they can be used to construct passing
lanes, road widening and all other manner of variation in width, as well as to
apply superelevation.
The process is relatively simple.
In a standard template you enter values of 0, 0
for distance and grade, and then enter a “Table Number”. You then create a
Variable Table with this table number then contains a list of chainage/station
values and the distance and grade to be applied at the particular location. The
variable width table will perform a ‘linear interpolation’ to arrive at the
required values for any chainage/station which falls between values in the
table.
This method also normally means that you will
need at least two templates – one for each side of the centerline or alignment
string to cope with the fact that each side does different things.
OK, lets get to work.
First open up your Standard Template number 1
that we have proved is basically what we need.
Once the template is open, look at Line 2 where
the road pavement is defined. Change
both the Dist and Grade values to be 0 and then in the column headed Tab# enter
1 to indicate that this template should look to variable table number 1 to see
what values it needs.
Now select Copy to Clipboard to make a copy of
this template.
Now position your cursor in the Template Number
field and type in 2 and press Enter. You will now see a blank template number
2.
Select Paste from Clipboard and you will see you
now have an identical copy of template number 1.
Go to Line 2 and change the Tab # to be 2 to
indicate this template should retrieve its values from Variable Table number 2.
Select save to close down the standard template
routines.
Don’t be alarmed that your design section has
‘shrunk’ when you see it – it will expand again once the variable tables are
completed.
Specify Variable Template Tables.
The next step is to identify the TS, CS, SC,and
ST chainages for the various curves and decide on the amount of cross fall we
wish to have through the curve proper.
Here are the values I have used – yours may be
different
TS1 280.632
SC1 370.632 crossfall –7% on inside (left) +7% on outside (right) of curve 1
CS1 529.482
ST1 619.482
TS2 753.261
SC2 843.261 crossfall +7% on outside (left) –7% on inside
(right) of curve2
CS2 917.503
ST2 1007.503
Armed with this information it is time to enter
variable table 1.
Right click in you section window to bring up
the menu of available options and select Variable Templates.
If we intend to use template 1 on the left of
the alignment, then we will fill in Table 1 with the 6 for the distance and the
following values for the grade.
0 -3
280.632 -3
370.632
-7
529.482 -7
619.482 -3
753.261 -3
843.261 7
917.503 7
1007.503 -3
1350 -3
When you select Save you will see that your
design section has returned to normal size (although if you happen to be viewing
a section is a curve it may look a little strange).
Right click again and again select Variable
templates and this time select table 2 and enter the following values for grade
with a constant of 6 for the distance (remembering that template 2 will be used
on the right of the alignment)
0 -3
280.632 -3
370.632
7
529.482 7
619.482 -3
753.261 -3
843.261 -7
917.503 -7
1007.503 -3
1350 -3
Once you save the variable template, you now
need to change your template positioning to put template 2 on the right hand
side of the alignment.
Again right click in the section window,
choose Position Templates, and then
pick the ‘Set column’ button. Choose the Right column and a template value of
2.
Once you save away the new template locations
you should move through your sections and if you have done it all according to
the instructions you will see superelvation applied in both curves.
The screen below shows the section at chainage 410
that is in the middle of the first curve, and you can clearly see that it is
superelevated for a left hand curve, which is what is needed.
I leave it for you to check through the
remainder.
Use Road, Volumes , Design Volume parameters to
set up the range of chainages to use, the format of the output, and whether you
wish to calculate stripping of topsoil.
Once you have set up the parameters, run Road,
Volumes, Design Volumes to see the report of the quantities your design will
produce.
8. Design Iterations
Repeat loop of steps 3 through 7 until you are
satisfied with the balance of earthwork quantities.
You should be aware that Ezicad does not
automatically store the design points away.
The sections you see are generated ‘on the fly’
from the design profile and template information, and no individual points are
stored in the database until you choose to store them.
So, once you are satisfied that the design is
ready to submit, you need to look at storing away the design points, and
possibly creating a plan with contours of the proposed design through the
original site.
Before you start on this process you need to be
aware that the template controls which points will be stored, and more
specifically the ‘Annotation’ flag within the template.
You may not have noticed when you entered in
your template, but one of the columns is headed ‘Ann’ which the abbreviation
for annotation.
If this field is selected, then the offset and
design height of the point will be shown on the design cross sections, and the
design point will be stored in the database when you choose to store design
point.
By default each leg in the template is selected for
annotation, so if you do not want particular points stored you will need to go
in and turn them off.
Remember also that if you wish to contour these
points you cannot have ‘vertical’ surfaces such as kerbs, so make sure anything
in your template which is ‘vertical’ has a minimum layback or 5 millimetres
from vertical. (you will not know it is there on any of the sections, and if
truth be known it is probably a better representation of what they will
actually build in the field anyway).
OK, once the template is ready to go, you need
to set up a Design Surface for the points to be stored on.
First make your plan view active.
Then select Contour, followed by Surface
parameters.
On the
right hand side you will find a button labeled ‘Add’.
Select it, and choose a Design surface, and a
new surface ready for design points will be created.
Now Select Road followed by Design Surface and
Store Design Points – you will see that activity bar at the bottom left showing
you that design points are being calculated, and when they have been the
following screen will appear.
You can usually accept the defaults offered,
although you can enter another layer name if you wish.
You need to enter a name for the String Folder,
- your choice, but I will use ‘Design’
Once you select Save, the program will save away
all the Design Points, and you should see a screen similar to that below.
If you care to zoom up and look closely, you
should find that there are strings depicting each ‘leg’ in your template,
including the ‘catch points’ where the batter slopes intersect the natural
surface.
While the other strings are relatively simple to
draw, you will find that the time you can save with the ability to create these
‘catch strings’ automatically and then stake out the points contained in them
will pay for the cost of the program over a couple of jobs.
You can also turn off the Point numbers of the
design points to make things easier to see.
Contour Your Design Surface
If you wish to contour this design to ‘eyeball’ how
various drainage lines are likely to flow, you can do so very simply.
You could simply Select Contour, Form Model and
then Contour, calculate contours, but if you do, you will find that the model
and the contours extend across the inside of the curves which is less than
ideal.
The simplest way to prevent this is to limit the
maximum length the side of a triangle can be. Here you have cross sections
every 20 metres, so it is reasonable to assume that no triangle side would need
to be longer than 40 metres to adequately model the ground.
Select Contour, Surface Parameters, then enter a
‘Maximum Distance along triangle’ of 40, and select the radio button adjacent
to it.
Now form the Model and Calculate Contours.
If you now zoom up on the area around the first
curve, you should see something similar to the screen below.
Note: those of you looking to specify
breaklines/discontinuities can relax – where you have points in a regular
sectional format, with enough ‘density’ it is highly unlikely that you will
need any breaklines.
Some Engineers seem to enjoy plotting out the
‘design contours’ in different colours/shades overlaid on the natural surface,
and this will allow you to achieve that.
(Speaking from years of experience trying to
stake out the plans produced, I do not encourage this practise because while it
might look pretty in a air-conditioned office, when the plan is blowing about
in a gale on site and covered in dirt and grubby fingerprints, every extra line
is another chance for something to be misinterpreted)
Create a Model of the Proposed Road.
If you wish, you can easily create a model and
contour plan of the proposed road design.
First, use Contour, Surface Parameters to Add a
new surface and make it a Combined Surface.
Then Select Road, Design Surface, Create
Combined Surface.
A small window should appear suggesting that the
Base Surface is 1, the Overlay Surface is 2 and the Combined Surface is 3,
which is exactly what we want, so select OK, and wait while the program goes about
the task.
You will see numbers ticking over in the bottom
left hand corner of the screen as the process takes place, and you should
refrain from pressing keys or clicking the mouse until the small “Merge” window
disappears and you see a new triangulated model appear on the screen.
If you Calculate Contours, then turn off the
triangles, you should see a screen that is similar to the one below.
It is difficult to predict what combination of
plans will be required, because every designer, and every client has different
requirements, so we leave you to look at other tutorials where details are
given on how to plot profiles, sections and plans.
Note, it is common to wish to plot out the
centreline with the chainages along it and the other design strings.
To achieve this you need to create 2 or more
‘classes’ of strings so that you can tell one class just to plot the string,
and the other class to annotate the string with the chainage.
If you just try and turn on the chainages, it will
plot chainages on all the strings it plots which will create an unsightly mess.
Select Strings, Change.
Use the pull down capabilities to select the
folder with your design strings – “Design1 in my job” – and then pull down to
select the string that represents the centreline – “line6” from my templates.
Then type in a ‘class’ of ‘centre’ or whatever
name you choose, and then select Finish to save the changes.
Now select Strings, String Attributes.